Is A Life Of Plastic Really Fantastic - 1827 Words

Is a Life of Plastic Really Fantastic? Would you really want to be a Barbie Girl living in a Barbie world? Is being a â€Å"Barbie girl† really worth the risk of putting unknown substances into your body just to have a certain look. Living in a society where getting cosmetic surgery is on the to-do list for everyone is not exactly your ideal world. Cosmetic Surgery has become a huge epidemic in America. First lets separate the two terms reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Many people do not completely understand the difference between the two, reconstructive surgeries are to fix a abnormality with a certain pat of the body to have that beautified appearance but cosmetic surgeries are to simply just beautify ones appearance without†¦show more content†¦This malformation is a result of an inadequate amount of tissue in the mouth or lip, which stops the available tissue from binding together. Once reconstructive surgery arrived in America, the results from World War I gave many surgeons more motivation to perform these operations. World War I was the most dangerous time period to be in especially for the soldiers that were serving. Stated in a ABOUT article, â€Å"World War I presented physicians with scores of severe facial wounds and burns, changing the history of plastic surgery†(par. 3). There were many weapons that were used during the war that caused the most severe injuries in history. So many surgeons did not know how to aid the wounded because of the new weapons that were used. In fact, some surgeons dedicated most of their talent to creating new techniques to help men of the war. Once these surgeons realized the affect the appearance had on an individual, plastic surgery became much more common in America. America was once said to be a big melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultural rituals. In earlier history, most people did not get these operations done to enhance ones beauty, they did it because their lives almost depended on it. Even though plastic surgery started off as a procedure that was only done to fix an abnormality, this is one thing that has become apart of our culture. Cosmetic surgery has manifested into something that everyone

The American Value Of Asking Questions - 1303 Words

UWP23 Yanbo Yang Paper 4 – Mini Research Paper The American Value of Asking Questions I. BACKGROUND Culture shock is the unavoidable byproduct of someone experiencing a new culture for the first time. A particularly acute form of culture shock is felt by international students studying abroad every day. For the Chinese students studying in America, they face a large number of problematic instances of culture shock which impact their ability to earn a quality education in the United States such as classroom culture. Specifically, Chinese students make a point not to ask questions in and out of the classroom because of how they were raised. In an article posted to Indiana University’s student orientation website (â€Å"3 Big Differences,† 2013), school administrators note that Chinese students are taught to remain quiet in class because â€Å"they have been trained not to speak their minds and not to raise any conversation that has an opposite or different opinion to the instructor’s teach.† The unified mindset that pervades much of Chinese society possess es numerous flaws including students’ inability or extreme apprehension at asking questions for what it might say about them. II. ARGUMENT While the Chinese education system might be structured to deal with this kind of thinking in the classroom, Chinese students learning in American classrooms face the looming challenge of not getting left behind. I have chosen to focus both on the reasoning behind many Chinese students notShow MoreRelatedWhy Married American Men Commit Extramarital Affairs861 Words   |  4 Pagesunfaithful towards their wives. 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I want to believe to a memory and love Essay Example For Students

I want to believe to a memory and love Essay I want to believe to a memory and love, left man after him and no matter what he did no matter what he does and will do in his future , he just has to do something good for worlds sake, something important to every body who he is surrounded with, let it be a very little thingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There was a man, so he created how to write and read, he taught then children how to do it. Soon they became talented writers; there was a man, he painted pictures and in the museums people were feeling better in their hearts looking at them; there was a man, he planted a seedling, after some years it grew up a big tree and made the air cleaner. There will be a man and he will continue loving, his love will retain through the centuries and after thousand years youll see a tree full if green leaves, under its shadow will sit a painter drawing a picture on canvas of a writer with a lot of papers on his knees and many other people will be around them walking, smiling from the bottom of their hearts. You can explain a picture and youll see that the only name for it is the one à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" life is beautiful.

Is Steinbeck Preparing or Prejudicing the Reader free essay sample

I feel he is doing this to prepare the reader for the tragedy at the end of the novel and also suggesting that in some ways this was inevitable. Steinbeck is preparing us before we meet Curley’s wife. He does this, so that we have an influenced first impression of Curley’s wife and the way she acts. Steinbeck introduces Curley’s wife as being flirtatious and a floozy when he describes her appearance â€Å"full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Curley’s wife has been presented to us as someone who is trying to drag attention towards her self and be looked upon as a sexual object by the other sex. Curley’s wife isn’t a â€Å"Tart† but she is the reason for the tragedy that happens at the end of the novel. â€Å"If she was to be noticed at all, it would be because someone finds her sexually desirable. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Steinbeck Preparing or Prejudicing the Reader? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † This shows she uses her sexuality as an advantage to get what she wants, because she has a husband like Curley and for the reason that she is lonely and because of the way women are viewed and treated at this time in America, it is predictable that there will be trouble. Candy speaks mockingly of Curley’s wife many times- â€Å"Jesus Christ, Curleys wife can move quiet. I guess she had a lot of practise though† for the reason that he doesn’t know her and see’s her as a representative as a specific kind of woman. Candy see’s Curley’s wife also as a â€Å"Jailbait† and a whore because she is Curley’s wife and resented and feared by the men on the ranch. Curley’s wife is the only girl on the ranch. He treats his wife like property. Steinbeck shows this sense of ownership by not giving her a name-†Curley’s wife. She is shown as quite lonely as Lennie is the only one who will talk to her. George is only fearful of Curley’s wife due to the history Lennie has with the girl in weed, he fears something similar may happen again. So he speaks disapprovingly of Curley and his wife because he see’s both of them as a risk to his and Lennie’s dreams. The final tragedy d oesn’t seem to be anyone’s fault but seems to be something which was expected to happen by the end of novel due to how the author decides on presenting the characters.

Plesiadapis Facts

Plesiadapis Facts Name: Plesiadapis (Greek for almost Adapis); pronounced PLESS-ee-ah-DAP-iss Habitat: Woodlands of North America and Eurasia Historical Period: Late Paleocene (60-55 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 5 pounds Diet: Fruits and seeds Distinguishing Characteristics: Lemur-like body; rodent-like head; gnawing teeth About Plesiadapis One of the earliest prehistoric primates yet discovered, Plesiadapis lived during the Paleocene epoch, a mere five million years or so after the dinosaurs went extinct- which does much to explain its rather small size (Paleocene mammals had yet to attain the large sizes typical of the mammalian megafauna of the later Cenozoic Era). The lemur-like Plesiadapis looked nothing like a modern human, or even the later monkeys from which humans evolved; rather, this small mammal was notable for the shape and arrangement of its teeth, which were already semi-suited to an omnivorous diet. Over tens of millions of years, evolution would send the descendants of Plesiadapis down from the trees and onto the open plains, where they would opportunistically eat anything that crawled, hopped, or slithered their way, at the same time evolving ever-larger brains. It took a surprisingly long time for paleontologists to make sense of Plesiadapis. This mammal was discovered in France in 1877, only 15 years after Charles Darwin published his treatise on evolution, On the Origin of Species, and at a time when the idea of humans evolving from monkeys and apes was extremely controversial. Its name, Greek for almost Adapis, references another fossil primate discovered about 50 years earlier. We can now infer from the fossil evidence that the ancestors of Plesiadapis lived in North America, possibly coexisting with dinosaurs, and then gradually crossed over to western Europe by way of Greenland.

Essay Sample on Changing The Notions of Change

Essay Sample on Changing The Notions of Change Change is an ongoing process that involves the alternation of one state to another. However, the way individuals respond to that change is largely determined by their perspective, of how they see and understand things as well as their underlining psychological, social and ideological constructions. The process of change may be spontaneous and it involves pre-change, catalyst and outcomes. In studying â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Melina Marchetta, this concept of change is shaped in terms of the central character Josie’s experience and lessons. Not only that, this universal theme is also observable in texts as diverse as â€Å"The Door† by Miroslav Holub, â€Å"American History X† by David McKenna, â€Å"My father began as a god† by Ian Mundie and â€Å"Student finds enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage†, an article out of the SMH written by Cynthia Banham. Collectively, various composers utilise a range of textual forms as well as stylistic techniques to convey the notions of change. Initially, the protagonist Josie of â€Å"LFA† takes a melancholic stance towards her position in the society. Her psychology is affected by her insecurity and confusion towards her cultural identity. â€Å"As far as the Italians were concerned, we weren’t completely one of them†¦We weren’t completely Australians.† The use of â€Å"we† brings the reader closer to Josie by speaking as if the responder belongs to her own social context, thus achieving empathy. Josie’s perceptions and ideology is shaped by her social background â€Å"At St Martha’sbrains didn’t count as much, money prestige and what your father did for a living counted†¦it makes me feel that I will never be part of their society.† First person narration is used in compliance with the confession style direct speech which effectively creates empathy as Josie never lies about her inner feelings. Being illegitimate and belonging to a lower-middle class , Josie’s ideology is strongly affected by the microcosm of a rich school society. Her envious tone conveys her self-discriminative feelings â€Å"Being stuck at a school dominated by rich people, rich parents†¦Anglo Saxon Australians who I cant see as having a problem in the world.† As can be seen, Josie’s initial confused perspective is effectively shaped by her psychological, social and ideological constructions. Progressing from the pre-change phase, Josie faces many catalysts initiated by herself and external influences. Her first encounter involves the entrance of Michael Andretti, her long lost father into her life. However, being neglected for seventeen years, she holds a mutually furious and confused attitude towards his presence. Her impulsive and angry tone demonstrates this:† How dare you think that I want to be in your life!† This however, contrasts to a later event where she utilises the external catalyst and initiates it as her own after she seeks Michael’s assistance with the Carly Bishop conflict. When Michael rescues her, she admits that â€Å"For a few minutes I knew how it felt to walk alongside one’s father, it was a great feeling.† her tone changes as she is no longer confused thus showing change, when self inflicted may lead to positive consequences. Another event which alters Josie’s perspective is the annual walkathon where she disregarded her responsibilities as the vice captain of school to lead the juniors. Her confessional tone conveys that she is maturing from the lesson â€Å"Deep down I knew I was wrong†¦I think my emancipation began at that moment.† Later on the day, she also discovers the truth about her captaincy that she was in fact voted the school captain. Her initial negative view about her social standings in the school takes a positive turn â€Å"and I was voted the school captain. Socially we weren’t as shitty as we thought we were.† One of the strongest catalysts which influence Josie is those of John Barton’s death. It effectively acts as the denouement of the novel, where the climax resolves all the conflicts. During the event Josie’s envious perspective on the rich and successful is challenged â€Å"How dare he kill himself when he’s never had any worries?† Her anxiety is resolved by her father that â€Å"A person doesn’t necessarily have to be happy just because they have social standings and material wealth, Josie.† John’s death is tragic but it allows Josie to mature from her naÐ ¿ve ideological perspective on the rich microcosm of the society. It can be therefore argued that change, whether initiated by self or external forces will allow people to positively progress. Every change has its outcomes. Josie’s confused perspective on her heritage is effectively resolved by â€Å"I’m an Australian with Italian blood flowing rapidly through my veins.† Her change of tone also shows the change of perspective when she initially mocks religion by reading a â€Å"hot pants† magazine in religion class. â€Å"It’s full of rubbish†¦do you think that they have a column named â€Å"are you a good Christian†?† the naÐ ¿ve and arrogant tone changes to a much more serious and mature one â€Å"I’ll believe in god and I won’t let any church rules take that away from me.† To allow changes to be easily observable, Marchetta uses chronological narrations where Josie’s life is told through the period of one year. â€Å"You know, a wonderful thing happened to me when I reflected back on my year, â€Å"one day† came because I finally understood.† Marchetta’s use of Intertexuality effectively highlights Josie’s emancipation â€Å"I’m not seventeen anymore, the seventeen where Janis Ian sang about where one learns the truth, but what she failed to mention is that you keeping learning truths after seventeen and I want to keep learning truths until the day I die.† This therefore conveys the notion that change is an ongoing process, not merely from point A to B. Miroslav Holub’s poetry â€Å"The Door† depicts the change as a process. The poem begins with the imperative â€Å"Go and open the door† which actively encourage the responders to explore change. â€Å"The door† symbolises the barriers which enclose and restrict people’s perspective to those of present. It also symbolises an entry into a new world of possibilities to gain a new perspective. The use of â€Å"Maybe† in italics and its repetition conveys that change has no certainties, but its results are dependent on the person’s perspective and interpretations â€Å"Maybe outside there’s a tree, a wood†. However, the use of an optimistic tone persuades the reader that â€Å"If there’s a fog, it will clear.† The use of figurative language describes the worst possibilities of change â€Å"even if there’s only the darkness tickling, even there is only the howling wind† then builds to a climax with a reductive sentence structure â€Å"even if Nothing Is there† This technique effectively forces the responder to read slower, until the last stanza, the coda which contains the theme of the poem â€Å"at least there’ll be a draught†. It shows that whatever the possibilities, whether good or bad, people will ultimately benefit from change. The similar notions are conveyed in â€Å"LFA† where the process of Josie’s change begins with obstacles, but she is able to successfully embrace change thus directing it to the best results, seen through her emancipations. Similar concepts of change are represented in the film â€Å"American History X†. The Protagonist Danny is brother to the leader of a fascist gang (D.O.C.), Derek who is imprisoned for the killing of a black American. Initially, Danny lives in a troublesome part of the America where racial tension is wide spread. Naturally, his psychological, social and ideological construction is based around white domination over the ethnic groups. His prejudice views however, radically changes as Derek is released from prison years later. His confrontation with Danny describes his experience in the prison thus highlighting that not one race is more superior. There are many techniques in the film that shapes meaning for change. The story, much like â€Å"LFA† is narrated in chronological order in the form of an essay. It effectively shows the processes of change as organised and structured. It also allows the responders to witness the perspectives of before â€Å"Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, those perils are polluting our beautiful country† and an after â€Å"we must be tolerant of each other’s differences, what separates us is not the culture, but good and evil.† Symbolism of swastika is highly effective in showing Derek’s initial fascist perspective towards the ethnics. However, later as he tries desperately to wash it off, it remains as it was tattooed showing Derek’s resentments for being a fascist. Changing perspective is evident in Danny’s act of ripping the Nazi flags off his room, which symbolises his movement away from the Nazi ideology. Intertexuality is employed to highlight Dannyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s change of perspective. Near the end of his film he quotes from Abraham Lincoln to convey his new perspectives â€Å"We are not enemies, but friends, we must not be enemies, though passions may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cords of memory will swell when again touched as surely they will be by the angels of our nature.† Technique of denouement is employed to convey Danny’s final perspective, that of tolerance â€Å"Life’s too short to be pissed off all the time.† It concludes the film with the death of Danny by the gun of a black youth. The film conveys the notion that change is a process which will ultimately allow empathy into another perspective. However the outlook for further change is bleak for Danny whose process terminates at his death. This contrasts to Josie of â€Å"LFA† whose outlook is long and broad. Both texts explore the cultural crisis and universally convey that positive change of perspective needs to be self- directed to achieve greater balance in the society â€Å"My father Began as a God† conveys the notion of change through many ways. It is similar to â€Å"LFA† as it is narrated in first person chronologically. The responders are then able to observe the changes of perspective from the narrator from young to old. The first two stanzas describes the father in a toddler’s eyes, with figurative language and biblical allusion to Moses â€Å"My father began as a god†¦as if bought down from Sinai† Proceeding to the third stanza, an obvious change in tone shows the change of perspective of narrator to an adolescent â€Å"until by my time of adolescence, he had become a foolish small man.† This effectively contrasts to the previous stanza and allow the responders to empathise with the narrator of a gigantic god transforming into a small man. The arrogant tone changes as the narrator matures on the next stanza, reaching empathy â€Å"his faults and his intolerances, scaled away into the past revealing v irtues.† The process of change ends for the father, but continues for the narrator in the last stanza â€Å"how the deeper he recedes into the grave the more I see myself as just one of all the little men.† The empathetic tone conveys that change is an ongoing process, and perspective alters after experience thus reaching ultimate empathy. This poem contrasts to â€Å"The Door† as it represents change as a definite and predicative process, whereas â€Å"The Door† coveys change as a more ambivalent kind. The idea of outlook is bleak in this poem where it shows the ultimate outcome is death but the message conveyed in â€Å"LFA† as well as â€Å"The Door† is those of infinite possibilities for further change. Finally, â€Å"Student finds enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage† is a feature article that explores the changing perspectives of ethnical Australian culture. Thao Nguyen’s initial perspectives are shaped by her aspiration of childhood that she â€Å"prayed to God that one day she’ll wake up with blonde hair and blue eyes.† Living in a society where the white Anglo-Saxons claims majority, her ideology is shown in direct quote â€Å"You seem more accepted when you are white.† Her confused psychological state is highlighted by her â€Å"try to surround herself with only ‘white’ friends.† When she was young However, the catalysts for the change occur after she discovers on her passport that she is an Australian. Her thoughts were that â€Å"I thought Australian was white and I never called myself Australian.† Due to this revelation, her perspective begins to mature through time, especially after her humanitarian wor k in Vietnam. She claims that â€Å"It was a very enlightening experience and a turning point where I realised who I was.† It can be seen in this case that experience shapes new perspectives. The outcome of change is conveyed through the pull quote which is situated at the centre of the article, highlighting the theme â€Å"I wasn’t completely Vietnamese in an Australian society, nor completely Australian in a Vietnamese society. I was a hybrid of both and that was ok.† To a further extent, the result of change is positively portrayed by the photograph of Thao smiling, looking relaxed and attractive. The caption is integrated to convey the acceptance of change, of Thao being â€Å"Happy to be Australian†. The headline of the article also suggests that change is embraced. The final result is always dependant on the person’s ability to direct change to their advantage. This article makes some uncanny resemblance to â€Å"LFA† as both texts explore the cultural identity crisis. Although some psychological factors between Josie and Thao are different; where Josie has only â€Å"wog† friends and Thao befriends with the white Australians; Both characters are able to open â€Å"The Door† thus finding self definition. Therefore, although the styles and form may be different, both texts are able to sustain a universal theme of change. In conclusion, change is definitely a process that can sometimes be spontaneous in nature. However, different people’s psychological, social and ideological construction shapes their perspectives that reflect on the way they respond and direct that change. The different stages of change are universally shaped by different texts and techniques by characters like Josie in â€Å"LFA†, Danny in â€Å"American History X† and the personas/narrators in â€Å"The Door† and â€Å"My father began as a God† as well as Thao Nguyen in â€Å"Student finds Enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage†. It then can be said that change, although come in many forms all explores similar universal themes. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Changing Perspective topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Christian worldview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Christian worldview - Essay Example God blessed them and ordered them to multiply in number, fill and control the whole earth. Humans were also to have dominion over all the created things, both living and non-living (Genesis 1:26-28) (Version, 2011). According to the Bible, God has chosen humans to be the leaders and rulers of the world. They have the authority to rule over all the living creatures on land and in the sea. Humans have more dignity than all the created animals in the sea and on land. Despite the fact that humans are more rational and have been chosen to be rulers over all other creatures, this does not give them the authority to harm other animals or living creatures. A suitable rationale for all human beings is created by the biblical worldview. One of the common problems in the Christian worldview is suffering. The vast population of the universe assumes that suffering results from human sin. The issue of personal suffering is widely addressed by Jesus in John chapter nine. In this chapter, the disciples assumed that the man’s blindness was because of his sins. In the chapter, Jesus explained that the blindness of the man was not as a result of the sins of the man’s parents but a way through which God’s works were to be demonstrated (John 9:3). Jesus argued that man’s suffering would not go to waste, but would instead be used to glorify God in his life. The illustrations reveal that man’s suffering is not because of his or her sins. However, God utilizes suffering to remind human beings that sins have adverse consequences. In conclusion, human value, suffering and authenticity play a significant role in the thoughts, beliefs and existence of human beings. The faith on which Christianity is based is cogent and practical. It offers solutions to varied questions that relate to the heart and mind. All human beings survive by faith. People may have faith in themselves, the government or a supernatural being. Other people have faith in

Life Cycle Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Life Cycle Assessment - Essay Example In these way sustainable enterprises, therefore is one that contributes to sustainable development by delivering simultaneously economic, social and environmental benefits so called triple bottom-line (Elkington, 1994). The global challenges associated with sustainability, viewed through the appropriate set of business lenses, can help to identify strategies and practices that contribute to a more sustainable world and simultaneously, drive share holders value (Hart and Milstein, 2003). The sustainable value framework developed by Hart & Milstein (2003) creates four- quadrant contains sustainability vision clean technology, pollution prevention and product stewardship. Now to sustain the business on the long term basis, products must be more energy efficient, reduce end of life waste, decrease pollution etc. To develop this kind of product, we have to promote environmentally conscious design which promotes energy efficient and environmentally sensitive energy generation. Environmentally conscious design works within the economic and technological constraints to develop and use new technologies that are sustainable in the long run. Environmental conscious designs of the products are the necessity of the time and to develop these products, we face could face numerous problems as well as challenges. Now to develop a product this is environmentally conscious and have the design to support it is the subject of various areas. The process of designing such products is very cumbersome. There is continuous process to improve the design of the products. In the process of development of products, industries are including the waste handling in the scope of process and marking efforts to reframe or design processes which can use the existing waste facilities and to avoid the need to invest in new treatment facilities. In the process of design reevaluation, some efforts have been taken to integrate materials integration techniques as a cost effective ways of reducing pollutant emissions. In the process of developing environmentally conscious subjects, one must assess environmental impacts through life cycle assessment. In the lifecycle assessment (LCA), we must evaluate environmental impacts on the every stage of development of the products i.e., from starting to end. More and more academics have applied life cycle assessment to all the development of industry in Europe. LCA has represented by life cycle problem. Recently LCA represents a new way of thinking about the industries results into most cost effective development. The use of natural products, new way applied to produce time, use of raw materials and natural resources which ultimately minimize waste and adverse impact on people as well as natural environment. In the life cycle process, products entire life cycle from design to final uses and disposal as well as reuse of raw materials has been included. LCA shows a new way to think about manufacturing of the produc6ts which includes the most efficient and productive use of raw materials and natural resources. It is a process which depends on minimizing wastes, avoiding adverse impact on workers and on the natural environment. In the LCA application, we analyze the complete life of the product i.e. from design, raw material and natural resou

Fast Plants Materials and Methods Essay Example for Free

Fast Plants Materials and Methods Essay When first preparing our fast plants we had to set up four different systems that would dictate our variable of fluorescent light. Each system would provide light to our fast plants for different amounts of time per day. Our systems were set up for 0 hours of light, 6 hours of light, 12 hours of light, and 24 hours of light. To setup the lab we began to setup our lighting system with fluorescent a timer for each set of fast plants. Our 24 hours was set up in the classroom with a lighting system directly above it. For our 0,6, and 12 hours we placed the fast plants inside of a cabinet to prevent the fast plants from being exposed to outside light. Once our plant light houses were setup we began preparing the growing systems and plants. We started by using a thoroughly wet water mat and wick. We fed our wicks up through the bottom part of our plant pots, which were made out of Styrofoam. After the wick was fed through we placed the water on top so the top 3cm of the wick was touching the water mat. After preparing the wick and water mat we then placed the prepared soil and blue crystalized fertilizer in the plant pots. After the soil was placed we distributed 4 plant seed evenly throughout the plant pots. After we labeled each Styrofoam plant holder accordingly to date and variable used, we covered the plant seeds lightly with fertilizer. Once the seeds were planted we placed the Styrofoam holders on top of a container of water with bottoms of the wicks placed in the water. Then we placed four different Styrofoam pots under each of our lighting systems. Once the plants were placed we made sure the plants were about 10cm below the light. After the growing system and plants were complete we set the timers for the light systems to four different times: 0hrs, 6hrs, 12hrs, and 24hrs. After four days of growing we observed and measured each plant that grew in our 8 pots (4 seeds per pot). Once measured and the data was recorded, we removed the 3 smallest plants from each pot, which left us with 32 different fast plants. This method of removing plants to prevent overcrowding is called â€Å"thinning†. Each day we replenished the nutrient solution and replaced the plants so they were about 10cm from the light source. On day 18 we terminated and new buds or flowers so that the plant can focus on seed growth. Then on day 37 we removed our plants from our watering system and allowed them to dry until brown and crispy, which was about one week. Then we cut off our stems and seed pods and crushed the seed pods to acquire our seeds.

Sonia and Raskolnikov in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment

Sonia and Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment    Sonia and Raskolnikov are two characters that interact with each other in the novel, Crime and Punishment. They interact on multiple levels, sharing several likenesses. Both of these characters are at-times self-sacrificing, both are struggling for meaning in a dreary existence, and both are generally unhappy people, but brighten and seem to enjoy each other's presence--even when Raskolnikov is berating her religion. What is self-sacrifice, for which these characters and so many people around the world engage in? It is a desire to help those around us more than we wish to help ourselves. This is not normal human state, although it can be brought about easily by societal pressures, and sometimes even political societies can compel this attitude. Sonia practices a form of altruism for her family however. She acquires a yellow card and takes her body off to the moral slaughter by sacrificing it to others for money--money that will go to her starving, poor family. Though not his predomin ant state of mind or action, Raskolnikov does have temporal tendencies towards self-sacrifice. It seems that part of his state of mind when considering the murder of the pawnbroker is that he will be helping society as a whole--definitely a motive that comes from outside the self. Sonia and Raskolnikov share many characteristics that make them an interesting encounter for each other. A tendency to self-sacrifice for one, and a life of it for another, provides for an amalgam of psychological likenesses which help the characters relate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due in part to their self-sacrificing lives, both characters are also trying to search for meaning in the dreary existence which they are subjected to. Sonia finds this meaning in the Bible, in a belief in God. Raskolnikov writes a theory. He finds solace in thinking that he himself is a god-like creature, he believes he is extraordinary. A belief in being a subject of the Divine and thinking that there are two divisions of men is extremely close. Both of these characters also have their meaning attacked. Porfiry Petrovich attacks and picks for holes in the theory of Raskolnikov. Perhaps as a reaction to this, Raskolnikov picks holes in the support for meaning in Sonia's life--God, the Bible, and her faith. The final glues that continually attracts these two characters is the fact that all their morbid similarities bring them together so that they actually enjoy each other's presence.

In the National Gallery

In the short story In the National Gallery by Doris Lessing we follow a narrator, which gender is unknown for the reader. The story line takes place in the National Gallery – therefore the name of the short story. The narrator’s intention in the gallery is to find a picture big enough to be able to sit in the middle of the room looking at it, which is succeeded. An old man joins the narrator on the bench together with a younger man, also with the intention of looking at the picture.The old man lectures the younger man about Stubbs’ picture which shows that the old man already familiar with the picture, â€Å"How much I would have liked to know as much as he did[†¦]†(p. 2 ll. 15-16) However it does not interest the younger one, and he walks away while looking, â€Å"†¦ a bit rueful, like a pupil chidden by a teacher†(p. 2 ll. 21-22). The narrator makes up a relation between the young and the elderly man, which is shown in the following quot e, â€Å"†¦ as if saying, â€Å"Oh, let’s kiss and make up†Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 2 ll. 29). It shows how the narrator makes up an abnormal relationship between the two of them.As if they are boyfriends. It is not abnormal if they are homosexuals but the abnormal thing about the assumable relationship is the big generation gap. Another example of a big generation gap in the short story is when a group of young French girls steps into the gallery. The narrator mentions how the girls’ entrance creates a contrast to the normality in the National Gallery. In the group there is a sort of leader â€Å"a package to be admired† (p. 3 line 41-42) as the narrator says. The narrator explains to the reader how the old man on the bench is gazing intensely on the leader of the girl group.Of course the reader is not 100% reliable in the things he/she observes, but the old man’s interest in the young girl is patent in a quote, which is when the old man addresses the na rrator, â€Å"†She’s like a girl I was in love with once. (p. 3 ll. 71). He tells the narrator about how the girl from the past walked out on him, and this arouses old, hidden feelings in the old man. Throughout Doris Lessing’s In the National Gallery the reader follows the progress in the short story through a 1st person narrator. He/she acts passively and is just observing throughout the whole short story.The narrator attaches importance to the relationship between the elderly and the young man and also especially the relationship between the elderly man and the young French girl. The only time the narrator acts actively in the short story is when he/she talks to the old man about his first love that the French girl looks like. Because of the 1st person narrator the short story does not necessarily correspond with what is happening in reality. The group of girls and the two men is characters we only hear about through the narrator. It means that what the narra tor tells the reader about the characters is not necessarily true.We experiences them as the narrator do. This is show by this quote, â€Å"In the space of a moment the scene had turned ugly. †(p. ll. 24), this is just the way the narrator experiences the situation, but she/he doesn’t know how the young man and the old man is used to talk with each other and does not now their body language. It is also shown how the narrator is quick to judge in the beginning when the two men are having a discussion. He/she only hears few parts of the conversation between the two, and yet there is an immediately judgment, that the relationship between them are student and teacher, â€Å"A son?A younger brother? Certainly a pupil [†¦] (p. 1 ll. 12). However some of the comments between the two of them, as earlier mentioned creates some a kind of love affair. A 1st person narrator can never be looked at as a trustworthy narrator. Doris Lessing maybe uses this kind of narrator to ma ke her points more indirect and discreet. The short story would have been told in a whole different way, if she had used a third person omniscient point of view. With a first person narrator the reader is forced to think about what the narrator tells us if we want to get a deeper meaning of what is being told.An example of this is in the end of the short story. The group of girls is leaving the National Gallery and the narrator assumes that the old man is following them, â€Å"Slowly, he followed. Oh no, I was thinking [†¦] There was a wildness in the air, unexpressed, and raw, and dangerous. † (p. 5 ll. 151-154). What the narrator experiences in this quote do not correspond with the environment that usually is in a museum. The narrator gets carried away with his/hers lively imaginations since the narrator has these associations.On the other hand, a 1st person narrator gives a subjective, detailed description of the characters. In this short story the narrator for instan ce sympathize with the elderly man but also thinks that it is repulsive that he looks so intensely after the French girl â€Å"The man next to me was staring hard at her(p. 3 ll. 51). Because of the detailed description of the characters, the reader does not need to think about the underlying information about them. But again, a 1st person narrator is unreliable which the reader needs to be attentive about.

Morton Handley Case Study

Morton & Handley Case Study a. What are the four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money, or the general level of interest rates, in the economy? The four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money are: production opportunities, time of consumption, risk and inflation. The interest rate given to savers is based on: the rate of return on invested capital, savers time preferences for current versus future consumption, the riskiness of the loan, the expected future rate of inflation. High inflation and high risk will result in high interest rates. b. What is the real risk-free rate of interest (r*) and the nominal risk-free rate (rRF)? How are these two rates measured? The real risk-free rate of interest is the rate that would exist on default-free securities when there is no inflation. The nominal risk-free rate is equal to the real risk-free rate plus an inflation premium. The inflation premium is equal to the average expected inflation rate over the life of the security into the rate they charge. These rates are measured in percentages. . Define the terms inflation premium (IP), default risk premium (DRP), liquidity premium (LP), and maturity risk premium (MRP). Which of these premiums is included when determining the interest rate on (1) short-term U. S. Treasury securities, (2) long-term U. S. Treasury securities, (3) short-term corporate securities, and (4) long-term corporate securities? Explain how the premiums would vary over time and among the different securities listed. Inflation premium is a premium added to the real risk-free rate of interest to compensate for potential inflation. The default risk premium is a premium based on the probability that the person who issues the loan will not follow through; this is measured with the difference between the U. S. interest rate on a Treasury bond and a corp. bond of equal maturity and marketability. A liquid asset can be sold at a predicted price in a short amount of time. A liquidity premium is added to the rate of interest on securities which are not liquid. The maturity risk premium reflects the interest rate risk. Long-term securities have more interest rate risk than short-term securities and the maturity risk premium is added to represent the risk. Short term long term treasury securities include an inflation premium. Long-term treasury securities also contains a maturity risk premium. Short-term rates on corporate securities are equal to the real-risk free rate plus premiums for inflation, liquidity and default risk. Premiums will alter based on the financial strength of the company and the degree of liquidity. Long term rates on corporate securities includes a premium for maturity risk. Corporate securities typically yield the greatest gains out of the four types of securities. . What is the term structure of interest rates? What is a yield curve? The term structure of interest rates is the relationship between interest rates, or yields, and maturities of securities. A yield curve shows the relationship between bond yields and maturities. e. Suppose most investors expect the inflation rate to be 5% next year, 6% the following year, and 8% thereafter. The real risk-free rate is 3%. The maturity risk premium is zero for bonds t hat mature in 1 year or less and 0. 1% for 2-year bonds; then the MRP increases by 0. % per year thereafter for 20 years, after which it is stable. What is the interest rate on 1-, 10-, and 20-year Treasury bonds? Draw a yield curve with these data. What factors can explain why this constructed yield curve is upward sloping? Average expected inflation rate over year 1 to year 20 Yr. 1: Interest Premium= 5% Yr. 10: IP= (5+6+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8)/10= 7. 5% Yr. 20: IP= (5+6+8+8+8+8=8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8)/20 =7. 75% Maturity risk premium in each year: Yr. 1: MRP= 0% Yr. 10: MRP= . 1% x 9 = 0. 9% Yr. 20: MRP= . 1% x 19 = 1. 9% Sum the IPs and MRPs, and add real risk-free rate: r*=3% Yr. 1: rRF= 3%+5%+0%= 8% Yr. 10: rRF= 3%+7. 5%+. 9%= 11. 4% Yr. 20: rRF= 3%+7. 75%+1. 9%= 12. 65% The shape of the curve depends on the expectations about future inflation and relative riskiness of securities with different maturities. In this situation the yield curve would be sloping upward which is because of the expected increase in inflation and maturity risk premium. f. At any given time, how would the yield curve facing a AAA-rated company compare with the yield curve for U. S. Treasury securities? At any given time, how would the yield curve facing a BB-rated company compare with the yield curve for U. S. Treasury securities? Draw a graph to illustrate your answer. The AAA rated curve, the BB rated curve and the U. S. treasury curve are all parallel to each other. The BB rated accumulates the most interest rate, then comes the AAA company and then the U. S. treasury. The yield normally slopes upward because short term interest rates are typically lower than long term interest rates. Corporate yield curves will always be above government yield curves. The riskier the corporation the higher the yield curve. The distance between the corporate yield curve and the treasury curve increases as the corporate bond’s rating decreases. g. What is the pure expectations theory? What does the pure expectations theory imply about the term structure of interest rates? The pure expectations theory is the theory that investors establish bond prices and interest rates on the sole basis of expectations for interest rates. The term structure of interest rates describes the relationship between long and short term rates. The investors are indifferent about maturity expectations of short-term and long-term bonds. The investors perceive long-term bonds to be riskier than short-term. h. Suppose you observe the following term structure for Treasury securities: MaturityYield 1 year6% 2 yrs. 6. 2% 3 yrs. 6. 4% 4 yrs. 6. 5% 5 yrs. 6. 5% r on 1 yr. securities one year from now: (1. 062)2= (1. 06)(1 + X) 1. 1278= (1. 06)(1 + X) 1. 1278/1. 06= 1 + X 6. 4%= X **Securities will yield 6. 4% r on 3 yr. securities two years from now: (1. 065)5= (1. 062)2(1 + X)3 (1. 065)5/(1. 062)2= (1 + X)3 1. 3701/1. 1278= (1 + X)3 (1. 2148)1/3 – 1= X 6. 7%= X. **Securities will yield 6. 7%

Free Essays on Comparing The Details

â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† by James Hurst and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allen Poe are both about conflicts between other characters; however, one story has a tone of anger and meanness, while the other has a tone of sadness and sorrow. First and foremost, both stories are alike because one of the characters in both stories kills another character. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the killing that takes place is intentional. Montresor kills Fortunato because he seeks revenge against him. The reason Montresor seeks retaliation against Fortunato is because Fortunato commits an intolerable attack, which is unstated. Montresor mortars Fortunato in an underground cellar because of the attack that Fortunato commits against Montresor. Once they get in the cellar, Montresor chains Fortunato up without any food or water. He then begins to mortar Fortunato in, leaving him to die. In â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis,† the narrator, which is Doodle’s brother, unintentionally kills his brother. In the last part of the short story, there is a lightning storm and the narrator leaves Doodle behind. Knowing that his brother cannot stay up to pace with him he begins to run as fast as he can. When the narrator ca nnot hear his brother anymore, he retraces his steps and finds Doodle with his head buried in his arms with drawn-up knees. He discovers that Doodle is dead. Doodle is bleeding from the mouth, and his neck and the front of his shirt are stained red. He causes the death by trying to be mean in the first place. Even though Doodle is not normal, the narrator is trying to force Doodle to be a normal human being like everyone else. One reason he wants him to be normal is because when they go out in public Doodle embarrasses his brother. He does not do it on purpose though. There is a similarity in these stories because they both include one character killing another character. Moreover, both stories are different because they have di... Free Essays on Comparing The Details Free Essays on Comparing The Details â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† by James Hurst and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allen Poe are both about conflicts between other characters; however, one story has a tone of anger and meanness, while the other has a tone of sadness and sorrow. First and foremost, both stories are alike because one of the characters in both stories kills another character. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the killing that takes place is intentional. Montresor kills Fortunato because he seeks revenge against him. The reason Montresor seeks retaliation against Fortunato is because Fortunato commits an intolerable attack, which is unstated. Montresor mortars Fortunato in an underground cellar because of the attack that Fortunato commits against Montresor. Once they get in the cellar, Montresor chains Fortunato up without any food or water. He then begins to mortar Fortunato in, leaving him to die. In â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis,† the narrator, which is Doodle’s brother, unintentionally kills his brother. In the last part of the short story, there is a lightning storm and the narrator leaves Doodle behind. Knowing that his brother cannot stay up to pace with him he begins to run as fast as he can. When the narrator ca nnot hear his brother anymore, he retraces his steps and finds Doodle with his head buried in his arms with drawn-up knees. He discovers that Doodle is dead. Doodle is bleeding from the mouth, and his neck and the front of his shirt are stained red. He causes the death by trying to be mean in the first place. Even though Doodle is not normal, the narrator is trying to force Doodle to be a normal human being like everyone else. One reason he wants him to be normal is because when they go out in public Doodle embarrasses his brother. He does not do it on purpose though. There is a similarity in these stories because they both include one character killing another character. Moreover, both stories are different because they have di...

Major General Benjamin Grierson in the Civil War

Major General Benjamin Grierson in the Civil War Benjamin Grierson - Early Life Career: Born July 8, 1826 in Pittsburgh, PA, Benjamin Grierson was the youngest child of Robert and Mary Grierson. Moving to Youngstown, OH at a young age, Grierson was educated locally. At the age of eight, he was badly injured when he was kicked by a horse. This incident scarred the young boy and left him afraid of riding. A gifted musician, Grierson began leading a local band at age thirteen and later pursued a career as a music teacher. Traveling west, he found employment as a teacher and band leader in Jacksonville, IL during the early 1850s. Making a home for himself, he married Alice Kirk on September 24, 1854. The following year, Grierson became a partner in a mercantile business in nearby Meredosia and later became involved in Republican politics. Benjamin Grierson - The Civil War Begins: By 1861, Griersons business was failing as the nation descended into the Civil War. With the outbreak of hostilities, he joined the Union Army as an aide to Brigadier General Benjamin Prentiss. Promoted to major on October 24, 1861, Grierson overcame his fear of horses and joined the 6th Illinois Cavalry. Serving with the regiment through the winter and into 1862, he was promoted to colonel on April 13. Part of the Union advance into Tennessee, Grierson led his regiment on numerous raids against Confederate railroads and military facilities while also scouting for the army. Displaying skill in the field, he was elevated to command a cavalry brigade in Major General Ulysses S. Grants Army of the Tennessee in November. Moving into Mississippi, Grant sought to capture the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg. Seizing the town was a vital step towards securing the Mississippi River for the Union and cutting the Confederacy in two. In November and December, Grant began advancing along the Mississippi Central Railroad toward Vicksburg. This effort was cut short when Confederate cavalry under Major General Earl Van Dorn attacked his main supply depot at Holly Springs, MS. As the Confederate cavalry withdrew, Griersons brigade was among the forces that mounted an unsuccessful pursuit. In the spring of 1863, Grant began planning a new campaign which would see his forces move down the river and cross below Vicksburg in conjunction with efforts by Rear Admiral David D. Porters gunboats. Benjamin Grierson - Griersons Raid: To support this effort, Grant ordered Grierson to take a force of 1,700 men and raid through central Mississippi. The goal of the raid was to tie down enemy forces while also hampering the Confederates ability to reinforce Vicksburg by destroying railroads and bridges. Departing La Grange, TN on April 17, Griersons command included the 6th and 7th Illinois as wells as 2nd Iowa Cavalry regiments. Crossing the Tallahatchie River the next day, the Union troops enduring heavy rains but met little resistance. Eager to maintain a fast pace, Grierson sent 175 of his slowest, least effective men back to La Grange on April 20. Learning of the Union raiders, the commander at Vicksburg, Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, ordered local cavalry forces to intercept them and directed part of his command to guard the railroads. Over the next several days, Grierson used a variety of ruses to throw off his pursuers as his men began disrupting the railroads of central Mississippi. Attacking Confederate installations and burning bridges and rolling stock, Griersons men created havoc and kept the enemy off balance. Repeatedly skirmishing with the enemy, Grierson led his men south towards Baton Rouge, LA. Arriving on May 2, his raid had been a stunning success and saw his command only lose three killed, seven wounded, and nine missing. More importantly, Griersons efforts effectively distracted Pembertons attention while Grant moved down the west bank of the Mississippi. Crossing the river on April 29-30, he embarked on a campaign that led to Vicksburgs capture on July 4. Benjamin Grierson - Later War: After recovering from the raid, Grierson was promoted to brigadier general and ordered to join Major General Nathaniel Banks XIX Corps at the Siege of Port Hudson. Given command of the corps cavalry, he repeatedly skirmished with Confederate forces led by Colonel John Logan. The city finally fell to Banks on July 9. Returning to action the following spring, Grierson led a cavalry division during Major General William T. Shermans abortive Meridian Campaign. That June, his division was part of Brigadier General Samuel Sturgis command when it was routed by Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest at the Battle of Brices Crossroads. Following the defeat, Grierson was directed to take command of Union cavalry in the District of West Tennessee. In this role, he took part in the Battle of Tupelo with Major General Andrew J. Smiths XVI Corps. Engaging Forrest on July 14-15, Union troops inflicted a defeat on the daring Confederate commander. On December 21, Grierson led a raiding force of two cavalry brigades out against the Mobile Ohio Railroad. Attacking a dismounted part of Forrests command at Verona, MS on December 25, he succeeded in taking a large number of prisoners. Three days later, Grierson captured another 500 men when he attacked a train near Egypt Station, MS. Returning on January 5, 1865, Grierson received a brevet promotion to major general. Later that spring, Grierson joined Major General Edward Canby for the campaign against Mobile, AL which fell on April 12. Benjamin Grierson - Later Career: With the end of the Civil War, Grierson elected to remain in the US Army. Though penalized for not being a West Point graduate, he was accepted into the regular service with the rank of colonel in recognition for his wartime achievements. In 1866, Grierson organized the new 10th Cavalry Regiment. Composed of African-American soldiers with white officers, the 10th was one of the original Buffalo Soldier regiments. A firm believer in his mens fighting ability, Grierson was ostracized by many other officers who doubted the African Americans skills as soldiers. After commanding Forts Riley and Gibson between 1867 and 1869, he selected the site for Fort Sill. Overseeing the new posts construction, Grierson led the garrison from 1869 to 1872. During his tenure at Fort Sill, Griersons support of the peace policy on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation angered many settlers on the frontier. Over the next several years, he oversaw various posts along the western frontier and repeatedly skirmished with raiding Native Americans. During the 1880s, Grierson commanded the Departments of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. As in the past, he was relatively sympathetic to the plight of Native Americans living on the reservations. On April 5, 1890, Grierson was promoted to brigadier general. Retiring that July, he split his time between Jacksonville, IL and a ranch near Fort Concho, TX. Suffering a severe stroke in 1907, Grierson clung to life until finally dying at Omena, MI on August 31, 1911. His remains were later buried in Jacksonville. Selected Sources HistoryNet: The Grierson RaidTSHA: Benjamin H. Grierson Hard Party: Benjamin Grierson

Moral Responsibility of a Leader Research Paper

Moral Responsibility of a Leader - Research Paper Example Intercultural impacts and massive communication facilities are leading us towards next major evolutionary step in human history, the world citizenship. Every individual involved in this process is required to lead an interconnected group in a subtle way. Hence every citizen of the planet is required to hone their leadership abilities like never before. Their leadership quality should be governed by ethics more than personal or group oriented preferences (Schmidt, 2007). But, the way the world works show we are treading in the exact opposite direction. No one ever takes responsibility of any mishap. Rush Kidder pinpoints the lack of this major moral responsibility as â€Å"Ethics Recession†. We will discuss the reasons for the situation, its adverse affects and the means to change into better leaders in this paper. Introduction Every moral leader is responsible not only for their actions but also the dealings they could have prevented doing for the welfare of everyone. Huge corporate companies and conglomerations which will lead this technological era should have iron willed leaders capable of choosing the best for both their company as well as the world in general. This is where ethics come is picture. Every good leader considers all the given options and its alternatives before taking any major decision. They analyze the consequences and the emotional impacts that might affect his crew and others in general. They take firm decisions which are profitable to the company and his employees. They also take the moral responsibility for any discomfort caused by this action (Taylor, 2000). They compensate groups or people affected in the required way and convince them to co-operate in the big picture of development, putting aside their personal grievances. This is exactly how moral leaders behaved for centuries. But the question here is ‘Why is there a sudden decline in such effective leadership?’ Every problem the world faces today, from economical recession to, terrorism and infiltration are a result of this lack of moral leadership (Anello, 2006). The US housing bubble, a major reason for the recession is the best example for what lack of work ethics will do. What happene d to our modern and moral citizens? Will world citizens be well dressed cannibals eating others opportunities whenever possible? If so is it development or a path to destruction? To find suitable answers to these questions we should first define â€Å"Morals† and â€Å"Ethics† The Enormous Responsibility of Leadership The word â€Å"Value† refers to something of importance. A commodity or a products value is determined based on its importance. Similarly the â€Å"Value† of a person is also determined based on his position or status. The decision taken by the ruler or the leader has more â€Å"Value† than the decision taken by a normal man. But every leader including the King was expected to follow some moral conducts known as â€Å"ethics† to maintain this â€Å"value† or their position in the ancient world. When the mob refused to follow its ethics, dictators arouse. When Kings failed to add â€Å"Value† to their decisions thr ough non ethical conduct, the church condemned them and revolutions arouse. The higher the position is the necessity to follow the code of conduct or ethics increases. Hence most of the nobles, church dignitaries and Kings

History of Taxation in Britain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Taxation in Britain - Research Paper Example The twentieth century started with high spending, which was based on war spending. The First and Second World Wars both lead to very large increases in public spending and rather smaller increases in tax. The Korean War is reported to have a discernible effect, but neither the Falklands (1982) nor the Gulf (1991) conflict seems to have had an impact on spending. The need for more revenue during the war led to increases in tax rates, increases in the coverage of existing taxes and the introduction of wholly new taxes. Perhaps the most dramatic change was to income tax. Prior to the war, income tax had never been a mass tax. It was first introduced in 1799 and was permanently in place from 1842, but there were still fewer than 4 million taxpayers in 1938. By the end of the war, the number of taxpaying families had increased to over 12 million, an increase which was sustained into the following decades. The two marked periods of growth in the last quarter of the century, in the early 1980s and the late 1980s / early 1990s; both the period experienced turmoil in the economic activities of the country, which led both to shrinking GDP and to higher cyclical government spending as unemployment increased gradually. ... pretend as, for each UK household the government allocated 14,000 and 15,000, the amount is equivalent to the post-tax income a childless couple would need to be in the middle of the income distribution, or the amount required by the retired UK national. Local taxes have been an important type of revenue for the UK economy, it accounted for one-third of total revenues, however, its importance declined after World War I and II. 'In the early twentieth century, these accounted for up to a third of total revenues, but their importance declined as the taxes required to pay for both World Wars were raised at the national level', (A. Dilnot and C. Emmerson, 'The economic environment', in A. H. Halsey with J. Webb, Twentieth Century British Social Trends, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2000). Revising the British history of tax returns, local taxes, (chiefly a property tax called 'rates', which had both business and household components) was estimated to be seven percent of GGR. However, after 196 0, the local taxes represented more than 10 percent of GGR, and have remained consistent throughout. However, from 2000 onwards, local taxes have again become much less significant, representing only between 3 and 4 percent of revenues in the last decade of the twentieth century.  Ã‚  

Domain Name Dispute Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domain Name Dispute - Assignment Example Before dealing with the three elements necessary for substantiating the complainant’s case, it is necessary to deal with the trademark issue raised by the respondent.   What distinguishes the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UNDRP) from the au. The policy is that under the au. Policy, it is not necessary for the complainant to have a registered trademark.   All that the complainant is required to prove under the au. The policy is that he or she have acquired a common law trademark through ‘sufficient evidence of use or reputation in the trademark to justify reliance on a common law trademark’.1 The Complainant has provided sufficient evidence of its common law trademark through evidence indicating that Quickileaks has been operating as a well-recognized and accessed online media outlet prior to the respondent’s registration of its domain name.   It is therefore concluded that the complainant does have a common law trademark in Quickileaks.Before dea ling with the three elements necessary for substantiating the complainant’s case, it is necessary to deal with the trademark issue raised by the respondent.   What distinguishes the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UNDRP) from the au. The policy is that under the au. Policy, it is not necessary for the complainant to have a registered trademark.   All that the complainant is required to prove under the au. The policy is that he or she have acquired a common law trademark through ‘sufficient evidence of use or reputation in the trademark to justify reliance on a common law trademark’.1 The Complainant has provided sufficient evidence of its common law trademark through evidence indicating that Quickileaks has been operating as a well-recognized and accessed online media outlet prior to the respondent’s registration of its domain name.   It is therefore concluded that the complainant does have a common law trademark in Quickileaks.Identical or Confus ingly Similar When a domain name is identical to the tradename in question, this element of cybersquatting is easier to prove. The difficulty arises with respect to proving confusingly similar. While some cases the use of a qualifying word can do nothing to distinguish the domain name from the trade name. For example, in L’Oreal/L’Oreal Australia Pty v Namewise Pty Ltd /Nicholas Bolton, a domain name L’Oreal Store could not distinguish the domain name from the trade name since adding the word Store to L’Oreal does not account for the fact that L’Oreal products are sold in stores.

Social Normalities and Voicing of Opposition Essay Example for Free

Social Normalities and Voicing of Opposition Essay Brian Crane Throughout history, social norms have dictated the opinions of all members of society to a certain extent. Expressing disapproval of these social norms is a difficult and ambitious task, seeing as one challenging a social norm is essentially disputing, in addition to often disproving, the reasoning and opinions of the majority of any given culture. Take, for example, the ending of ones own life under the circumstances of terminal illness. Now, our basic and most common cultural view on the subject is that suicide is not a natural death and therefore a violation of nature regardless of nes physical condition. However, it is nature itself that has given us as humans the intellect to contemplate such a decision. If nature has enabled us to develop the intellectual ability to contemplate suicide, then one could argue that choosing to end ones life is in fact a natural death simply because nature has allowed us to examine the pros and cons of life or death. However, this is not to say that suicide based on emotional imbalance is in any way Just or morally acceptable. Mental illnesses, which often bring about suicidal deation, can be treated, therefore ridding one of all motivation to end their own life. Generally, those who suffer from mental illnesses cannot be held accountable for their own life because the affective disorder inhibits them from perceiving reality the way they once did. So, the argument that the time of our death should not be a decision we as humans can morally make is somewhat valid although very misguided. It is wrong to look down upon terminally ill people who choose suicide as their cause of death. The many different circumstances leading up to ones death akes this topic too complex for one to claim that choosing life over death is morally applicable and correct in every situation that involves the contemplation of suicide. John West discusses his fathers decision to end his life before enduring the pain, suffering, and eventual death caused by cancer in an excerpt from The Last Goodnights: Assisting My Parents with Their Suicides. Judging from this excerpt, West and his father seem to be very well rounded, cultured individuals in addition to being extremely open minded and emotionally balanced. Wests father was a very mportant fgure in the world of psychiatry. His knowledge on the topic of suicide is obviously very extensive. Their opinions and examinations of this topic are indeed equally as rational as they themselves are as people. Dealing with the death of a parent is hard enough emotionally as it is, but the fact that West is grounded enough to grapple with the complexity and sorrow of assisted suicide is a testament to his extreme emotional maturity. He sheds light on a crucial point in support of his fathers decision as he asks the reader, Should Jolly [my father] have been forced to endure a few more days or eeks of agony Just to satisfy some peoples notions that death should be natural? (33 West) If one were to explore the possible answers to the question West asks above, without an impartial view based on societal influences, it is undeniable that one would agree with the opinion that such a great deal of suffering is not necessary to tultill the requirements ot a morally sound death In tact, it is arguable that Wests decision to assist his father with his suicide and in-turn spare him from such a great deal of pain is actually a more compassionate choice in comparison to xposing him to months of unimaginable pain by denying his fathers request. Again, West implies that suicide is not a natural death. A supplemental argument to his case is missing. If one were to argue that suicide and natural death cannot possibly go hand in hand, then why has nature allowed our intellect to excel to a point at which suicide is even a possible conception for the human race? Later on in the excerpt, West reflects on his memory of when his father asked him to commit assisted suicide. He recalls: I sat up in my chair. I suddenly felt hot and cold at the same time, as I realized hat he meant. But as powerfully as his words registered, the idea behind them didnt seem strange at all. It made sense. He was about to die anyway, so why linger in pain? I knew Id want to do the same thing if I were in his position. (34 West) Jollys contemplation of suicide is undoubtedly a common one of people with analogous situations to his own. Most would find it hard to believe that this wouldnt cross the mind of a person with a terminal illness that would soon lead to unimaginable pain and suffering, followed by death. If exploration of suicide is in act a common happening, why is it that the practice of suicide to avoid agony followed by death is not more common as well? It seems as though the answer to this question is quite simple; It is socially unacceptable to commit such an act solely because it is abnormal. Because abnormality is not a sensible or rational reason not to do something, making the argument that suicide is not a morally righteous death is in-turn irrational and insensible as well. Another challenger of social norms is Catherine Newman, author of I Do. Not. : Why I Wont Marry. Although Newman discusses a very different topic than West does in his short story, the two subjects are very closely related. Newman is a successful writer with a little too much insight on the role of women in society, and the flaws of this role, to happily accept monogamy and more importantly marriage. She breaks down the history of marriage and its original role in society. Marriage represents a very evil concept that very few are even aware of. Newman describes it is as such: marriage is about handing the woman off, like a baton, from her father to her husband. Also known as traffic in women, this is how men have historically solidified their economic connections to other men and guaranteed the continuation of their Seed. (Newman 61) Women were more like bargaining chips for men than soulmates. Marriage is the legal bonding of two families, which doesnt sound very romantic as marriage is made out to be. Although women are no longer owned by their husbands, this ritual is still quite demeaning. Many women experience some feelings of inferiority and in-turn feelings of resentment towards men due to the heavy influence of the media and its bjectification of women. Newman seems to be a prime example of this. Her additional education on the history of the subject has given her an even greater grasp of the hardships of women in our contemporary society which are overlooked more often than not by the general population. Voicing out against the social norm of marriage is extremely commendable and in addition, a betterment of the mentality ot those who are exposed to the underlying implications ot such an act through ner courageous writing. It seems as though many social norms have become so routine to follow and abide y that we rarely ponder the ideas behind them.

Individuality in Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Myself Essa

Individuality in Whitman's Song of Myself During a lecture in 1907, William James said "the philosophy which is so important in each of us is not a technical matter; it is our more or less dumb sense of what life honestly means. It is only partly got from books; it is our individual way of just seeing and feeling the total push and pressure of the cosmos" (Bartlett 546) Individuality has been a prevalent theme in every type of literature for quite some time. Whether it is a character discovering his/her individuality or the author expressing his, literature is full of distinctness. The term individuality changes meaning with each person it meets. That is what makes the dynamic word so great. Throughout particular works read this semester, individuality has been the foundation for several of them. Walt Whitman takes his newfound ideas and Quaker background and introduces American Literature to a totally different meaning of individuality in "Song of Myself." Whitman's radical ideas of individualism have a great deal to do with his Quaker background. The Quaker religion is one in which the authority was Inner Light. "Whitman himself was not only personally familiar with, but deeply impressed by, a religion whose only authority was the Inner Light" (Canoy 481). The Inner Light is a special influence, which made Whitman's poetry unique. This certain influence did such things as guide Whitman down his soul searching path as well as help him define within himself the characteristics of an individual. In section fifteen of "Song of Myself," Whitman discusses people from every class and every profession. He goes on to say "the young fellow drives the express-wagon... love him though I do not know him;" (2753). ... ...either hasten their own delivery, not resist it" (2767). Would it really be that bad to be an individualist instead of conforming to the crowd? I do not think so. Works Cited *Bartlett, John. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Boston: Little,Brown and Company,1992. *Canby,Henry Seidel, Johnson, Thomas H., Ludwig,Richard M., Spiller, Robert E., Thorp, Willard. Literary History of the United States. New York: The MacMillian Company, 1963. *Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography and Poor Richards almanacks. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed. Paul Lauter.Boston, NewYork: Houghton Mifflin,1998. *Renyolds, David S., Walt Whitman's America-A Cultural Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. *Whitman, Walt. Song of Myself. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed, Paul Lauter. Boston,NewYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Individuality in Whitman's Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Myself Essa Individuality in Whitman's Song of Myself During a lecture in 1907, William James said "the philosophy which is so important in each of us is not a technical matter; it is our more or less dumb sense of what life honestly means. It is only partly got from books; it is our individual way of just seeing and feeling the total push and pressure of the cosmos" (Bartlett 546) Individuality has been a prevalent theme in every type of literature for quite some time. Whether it is a character discovering his/her individuality or the author expressing his, literature is full of distinctness. The term individuality changes meaning with each person it meets. That is what makes the dynamic word so great. Throughout particular works read this semester, individuality has been the foundation for several of them. Walt Whitman takes his newfound ideas and Quaker background and introduces American Literature to a totally different meaning of individuality in "Song of Myself." Whitman's radical ideas of individualism have a great deal to do with his Quaker background. The Quaker religion is one in which the authority was Inner Light. "Whitman himself was not only personally familiar with, but deeply impressed by, a religion whose only authority was the Inner Light" (Canoy 481). The Inner Light is a special influence, which made Whitman's poetry unique. This certain influence did such things as guide Whitman down his soul searching path as well as help him define within himself the characteristics of an individual. In section fifteen of "Song of Myself," Whitman discusses people from every class and every profession. He goes on to say "the young fellow drives the express-wagon... love him though I do not know him;" (2753). ... ...either hasten their own delivery, not resist it" (2767). Would it really be that bad to be an individualist instead of conforming to the crowd? I do not think so. Works Cited *Bartlett, John. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Boston: Little,Brown and Company,1992. *Canby,Henry Seidel, Johnson, Thomas H., Ludwig,Richard M., Spiller, Robert E., Thorp, Willard. Literary History of the United States. New York: The MacMillian Company, 1963. *Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography and Poor Richards almanacks. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed. Paul Lauter.Boston, NewYork: Houghton Mifflin,1998. *Renyolds, David S., Walt Whitman's America-A Cultural Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. *Whitman, Walt. Song of Myself. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed, Paul Lauter. Boston,NewYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth Essay

Government debt is also known as public debt. It is the debt owed by a federal government to the internal or external sources. It is required when the stocks of government securities are insufficient to cover previous budget deficits. Budget deficits occur when the level of government expenditures exceeds its revenues. Based on macroeconomic theory, the level of government expenditure must be positive with the economic growth. The higher the expenditure, the higher will be the economic growth. Government expenditure can be divided into productive and unproductive expenditure. Productive expenditure will be contributed to the economic growth in a few years’ time. Meanwhile, the unproductive expenditure will lead to the decline in the economic growth. Productive expenditure comprise of education and health. Besides, the unproductive expenditure consists of expenditure like pension and subsidies. Meanwhile, high budget deficit will reduce the level of economic growth. In order to finance additional expenditures, the government will borrow money from internal sources. Since the demand of the loanable funds is also derived from the private sector, additional demand from the government will boost the interest rate. Consequently, high interest rate will distort the level of investment. Finally, the lower level of investment will lead to lower economic growth for the country. In addition, high public debt will also result to a financial crisis. If a country is experiencing a trend of an increasing public debt, the investors may be worried about the capabilities of that country to pay its debt. Apart from that, they will ask for higher interest rate as a safety and profitable measures for them to keep financing the deficits. An increase in interest rate can distort the level of economic growth and would create financial crisis. Besides, it is also acts as an obstacle to the development because it will weakens the government’s ability to achieve macroeconomic stability. It comprises the stability of inflation, interest rate and exchange rate target. It will also create adverse incentives associated with future taxes. High debt also will stop the social and developmental progress. Malaysian economy may not be able to achieve high and sustainable economic growth in the long-run if the federal government keeps borrowing money from the domestic sources in order to finance the budget deficit. However, there is no such evidence to conclude that the external debt can distort the economic growth in the long-run.

The story revolved around an unlikely relationship

The story revolved around an unlikely relationship between a boy and a 36-year-old wealthy man. Will was wealthy and trendy. He spent most of his days laying around and being self-absorbed.He was living off his late father’s royalties from his hit single, â€Å"Santa’s Super Sleigh.† He refused to do anything with his life. Bored and desperate to meet women who were desperate for sex, he went off to join a single parent’s group called â€Å"SPAT.† He pretended to have a son, until he met Suzie.At a company outing, Will met Fiona, an eccentric hippy vegan who had a 12-year-old sold named Marcus. He was the type of child who was bullied in school because of his weird haircut and his old-fashioned clothes that his mom chose for him.During that time, Will and Marcus did not like each other very much. It was during that time when, they discovered that Fiona tried to commit suicide. Marcus spied on Will during the day and discovered he was not a single pa rent since he did not have a kid. He tried to convince Will to befriend his mother, fearing that she would try to kill herself again This was because of his mother’s constant crying.Over time, Will allowed Marcus to visit him. He even gave him new trainers. The next day, they got stolen. Marcus had to explain to his mother how Will was trying to help him out socially. Marcus joined a talent show at school to sing â€Å"Killing me Softly† that was supposed to be his mother’s favorite song.Will tried to stop Marcus from doing so and races to his school knowing it was social suicide. He arrived but was not successful in persuading Marcus from performing. Seeing that Marcus was not doing well with the crowd, he came on stage with him playing a guitar. While the performance was not as successful, the friendship forged between Will and Marcus was. It served as a pivotal part in the story as the two turned each other’s lives around.Relationships. The story revol ved around the significance of relationships each character had in each other’s lives. The theme of the story was about how relationships can change your life. Mainly, it was Will’s life that was headlined.   He was living an empty life despite his wealth and free time.It was only when he formed a relationship with Marcus that his life gained meaning and substance. He began to care about someone other than himself as shown in how he brought him new shoes and when he performed the talent show with Marcus. If he did not meet Marcus, could he have changed his life alone? It was unlikely, as he did not realize then that he needed to.It was then that he apprehended that it was not good to live his life for himself alone. He saw how different it was when he did not knew Marcus. Once he had experienced having a real relationship with a person, he yearned for it and realized he needed people too. He felt the emptiness when Marcus was not around.At the same time, Marcus was c ruising through his life as a pushover. He did not know how to act with confidence because he did lack the chance to have a father figure. He did not have anyone whom he could have such an important relationship with.The time he had spent at Will’s house built the relationship between them, even if it was unwarranted. He was hanging out with him after school and it worked for them. The story showed that relationships did not need to be conventional for them to change a person’s life.The friendship that developed between Fiona and Will was also an unusual one. But she needed that relationship with Will in order to keep her sanity and avoid depression. Even if there were times wherein, he threatened her, she was grateful for the role he played in Marcus’ life. She saw that with Will around, she had a chance to make his life better.This showed how the relationships of the people we love have with other people affects our lives as well. People were also placed in ot hers lives for a purpose. It also showed that relationships were built over time. It was also strengthened by genuine concern and honesty.It was something that needed to be worked on. People needed a witness to their lives. The story revolved around relationships and the importance of human connection was to create a meaningful existence.Work CitedHornby, Nick. About a Boy. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998.

Geox Essays

Geox Essays Geox Paper Geox Paper Geox main competitive advantages are: Technology: constant focus on the product with the application of innovative and technological solutions developed by Geox and protected by patents. Focus on the consumer: cross-market positioning for products, with a vast range of shoes for men, women and children in the medium to medium/high price range (family brand). Brand recognition: strong recognition of the Geox brand thanks to an effective communication strategy and its identification by the consumer with the breathing concept. Internationalization: a growing presence on international markets thanks to easy replication of a business model already tried and tested in Italy. Distribution: a network of monobrand Geox Shops in Italy and abroad which has been developed according to each countrys distribution structure and calibrated to the widespread network of multibrand clients. The goal of both networks is to optimize market share and, at the same time, to promote the Geox brand to end-consumers on a consistent basis. Supply chain: a flexible delocalized business model with considerable outsourcing, capable of efficiently managing the production and logistics cycle while the Company maintains control over critical phases of the value chain, so as to ensure product quality and timely deliveries. Geox is the 1st shoe brand in Italy and the 2nd in the world. Since the start of 2008 the company is a member of the S/MIB index, the leading blue chips index for the Italian stock market. Lets take a look at Geox 2008 results (the images are taken from Geox 2008 financial statements): :

Planning process in organization

Planning process in organization Introduction The business environment comprises of complex factors that require scrutiny before a decision is made concerning the environment. An organization must have a clear planning process in order to enhance its decision making. A clear planning process involves having an understanding of interrelated questions within a corporation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Planning process in organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early organizational planning comprises of strategy drawing, where possible environmental occurrences are considered and an appropriate course of action is determined. Strategic planning seeks to maximize on the return of resources. There is need to constantly devise a tactical approach through which objectives can be achieved since resources are limited and competition is high. Several theories enhance the decision making process in organizations. The success or failure of decision ma king either directly affects an organization through improved performance or worsens the overall performance. Decisions require constant evaluation to enable an accurate and consistent appraisal. It helps in revealing existing gaps and determining their solutions to the benefit of the organization. The business environment is continuously changing, thus keeping a close check through constant evaluation and re-evaluation provides the opportunity to identify gaps well in advance. An evaluation of decisions over time equally helps in identifying alternatives that enhance the organization’s ability to cushion against performance risks. The Decision Making Process With the advent of globalization, market integration has been created through internationalization. Organizations, therefore, compete with each other for resources and market across the globe. Market consolidation and optimization must be achieved for organizations to succeed in such operation environments. Strategic fle xibility must be created such that the organization can instantly change its course of action to suit an equally complex and fast changing business environment. This is not an easy task because nobody fully understands what the external business environment will look like in the immediate future. Thus, although strategies may be formulated with the purpose of countering external environment changes, they may end up failing to capture the actual requirement needed to attain goals.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To build strategic flexibility, a long-term commitment is needed towards developing, as well as nurturing important critical resources. I will struggle to create a learning organization that offers room for development of great skill in creating, acquiring, as well as transferring knowledge. Behavior modification within the organization must be achieved in order to replicate insights and knowledge about its operations and environment. Particular problems afflicting an organization will remain to be of great concern as a way of integrating the learning process successfully. I will carry out experiments with new approaches with a view of improving the current approach, reflect on history and past experiences in order to learn from them, and be able to quickly transfer knowledge throughout the organization in an easy manner. Strategic management My strategic management will involve four important elements that include environmental scanning, strategy formulation, evaluation and control, and strategy implementation. My strategic decisions will focus on the future of the organization, beginning with evaluation of the current performance results, review of the corporate governance, and inspection and review of the external environment. Equally, an internal evaluation and review of the corporate environment are critical before carrying out a n analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the organization. After exhausting the above activities, I will generate alternative strategies before evaluating each one of them to come up with the best alternative. This precedes the implementation phase, which is finally followed by the evaluation process. Strategic audit involves a systematic analysis of areas that encounter issues, including a question checklist comprising of the numerous functions and activities of the organization. Management and the Decision Process My decision making mandate will include executing four major functions. Other than leading the organization, I will lay out plans that will steer the firm ahead. My role will also aim at controlling the firm, as well as playing the role of organizing. I will continuously undertake the decision making process, where I will evaluate alternatives in order to achieve the set objective. The existing expectations concerning a given co urse of action will push my decision making into settling for the course of action that would most likely lead to goal attainment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Planning process in organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I realize that as a manager, I will be operating in a highly uncertain environment that includes fluctuation in currency exchange, change in the political platform, and competitive actions, among many other aspects (De Bruijn, Heuvelhof Veld, 2010). The focus of my decision making will be on goal achievement, where I will mainly concentrate on challenges that have numerous alternatives. This will be by selecting an alternative course of action from among various alternatives (De Bruijn, Heuvelhof Veld, 2010). While doing this, I will pay attention to five important contexts, including the situation and location, the rationale, the methodology, as well as the type of decision and the parti cipants. Purpose of Decisions As a manager, I realize the fact that my role entails a rational activity that arrives at particular decisions depending on the surrounding circumstances. Past situations and experience are significant factors that shape decisions, and it is important for me to base decisions on such factors. Decisions also work towards aligning personal with professional goals to enhance organizational performance. I have to work hard to achieve this harmony because failure will imply the existence of a clash of interests. Decision making Approaches My decision making approach may borrow from two existing approaches. They include the normative, rational, or classical model, and the descriptive, bounded rational, organizational model (Flynn Currie, 2012). Following the normative approach, I will first recognize the problem, set up the objectives, and finally determine the available options. In doing this, I will evaluate the available options, select a particular optio n, and execute its implementation according to the intended objectives. After implementation, I must monitor and observe the implemented strategy closely. The cycle is a continuous one as it returns to the problem recognition stage because of the continuous nature of problems and challenges that are contained in the business environment. The figure below illustrates the working modality of a normative model. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: (Flynn Currie, 2012), I will also use my cognitive talent to explore on the ability and capacity of bounded rationality. In particular, I will analyze the situation at hand before offering solutions to the problem. This will, however, require that I utilize all the available information to make quality decisions. There has to be adequate information available to make this a possibility. Both my rationality and that of the organization will be critical in achieving appropriate decisions using the bounded rationality model. Thus, the most challenging area for me will be balancing of my own rationality to ensure that the decisions I make reflect the objectives of the organization. Structure of Decisions As a human being, I realize the fact that the decision making process involves the brain, cognitive categorization, and assimilation or data integration. As a fact, the decisions that I will offer will likely be affected by factors such as emotions, intuition, stereotyping, and halo effect. However, I will always rely on critical thinking, which is an intellectual process and approach through which situations and ideas are evaluated. This will help me to counter the challenge and pressure of being personal in my thinking. I am equally aware of existing errors that may limit my critical thinking, including making quick decisions, lack of confidence in as far as decision making ability is concerned, and lack of desire and ability to think critically. Status quo stands in the way of thinking. It is the same case with anchoring, as well as framing. I have to devise ways of putting these issues into check. Ethics in Decision Making My obligation in decision making entails incorporating moral principles in the decisions they make. This will enhance benefit maximization for the prosperity of the organization (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011). In particular, it implies that I have to be honest, trustworthy, and full of integrity when dealing with others, being attentive to all the stakeholders, building the community, and having respect for individuals. I can determine whether an act is ethical by establishing whether it is right in the first place, whether it achieves fairness, and whether it hurts others. Determining whether my own child would comfortably do the same thing, or if I would still be comfortable in case details of my decisions were made public are some of the best evaluations for ethics. Being unethical will affect my organization in several ways, including leading to bankruptcy, redundancies, loss of loyalty, and disillusionment of young talent (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011). Theory Application on Improvement of Decision While applying theory, I will always remember the four major classifications that include virtue ethics, ethical learning and growth, deontological ethics, and teleological ethics. I will have to build principles or beliefs that disregard consequences. This will include building personal qualities tha t act as means to an end rather than ends to themselves. By considering virtue with great regard, I will often strive to do right things for the society and get the right balance between self and society’s qualities or interests. Deontological ethics If I can carry out an action as a duty, this will make it morally right. To achieve this, my main emphasis will be on duties, which refer to the actions that need to be undertaken or shunned regardless of consequences (MacKinnon, 2013). My morality is evaluated on the basis of whether the performance of the action can be done by everyone minus the occurrence of any contradiction, or whether the action considers everyone as equal entities who deserve respect other than considering respect only as a means (MacKinnon, 2013). The action rule is also subjected to scrutiny as to whether it can be accepted by rationality, both on the receiving and the giving end. Teleological or utilitarianism People will measure the good or bad in my a ctions basing on the outcomes of my acts. In this regard, more emphasis is placed on the end rather than the means to be used. There shall always be two sides in any argument that I will involve myself in. I will only develop knowledge through social dialogue and interaction with others (Graham, 2011). However, all the discourse I engage in will have to be formal in order to achieve validity. I have to maintain sincerity and truth about the content justice involved and the procedural justice. Sometimes I will be expected to rely on outcomes of an action in order to judge the action itself. Depending on the people involved in the process, I will sometimes be expected to explore how much pleasure is generated from an act because happiness or pleasure concerns the good often sought after. I also note the fact that according to Maximalism, right deeds lead to greatest good. The right deeds lead to the least undesirable result possible. This can only be achieved if I hold all individuals as equal, and when I determine the fact that they are all affected by consequences of an action or result (Graham, 2011). Ethical learning and growth There has to be change and development in my understanding for me to learn. Thus, it is not possible to achieve an ethical organization by decree. Measurement of the ethical performance is achieved through policies, ends, or outcomes. My ethical contribution will often be made in a group, while my own individual interest is what constitutes the Basic Good. Finally, covey hinges on the principle that it is always important to begin something while considering its end. Achieving public good would, thus, imply achieving a positive aspect that is considered as non-rival and non-excludable (MacKinnon, 2013). Conclusion As an organizational decision maker, the environment of operation is challenging and ever changing. The dynamic environment for business currently offers a lot of challenges to the attainment of the intended objectives. This complex environment includes political changes, economic situations, competition forces, and socio-cultural aspects. These are practical environmental factors that have a lot of potential in affecting a business positively or negatively. As a leader, I will deal with these challenges by formulating strategic plans that seek to apportion the limited resources effectively. My strategies are formulated out of decisions made in order to counter the challenges brought about by the complex business environment. Part of my decision making involves particular processes and steps, including reviewing the experiences encountered in the past and formulating alternative solutions before settling on the best suitable option. I will have to incorporate ethics in order to resonate well with the goals and objectives of the organization. This refers to the moral principles that also consider other people’s welfare within the decisions arrived at. I must consider the community and the shareho lders in my decisions in order to enhance the organization’s overall performance. I will focus on the four classifications of ethical decision making, which include deontology, ethical learning and growth, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. As a deontologist, I will anchor my decision making on the principles of justice, fairness and rights. I will also give discourse a chance. I will need to build my arguments of ethics on ethical egoism and communitarianism in order to achieve ethical learning and growth. References De Bruijn, H., Heuvelhof, E., Veld, R. (2010). Process management: Why project management fails in complex decision making processes, 2nd Ed. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2011). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Flynn, J., Currie, D. (2012). Management decision-making in context, 2nd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Graham, G. (2011). Theories of ethics: an intro duction to moral philosophy with a selection of classic readings. New York, NY: Routledge MacKinnon, B. (2013). Ethics: Theory contemporary issues Concise edition, 2nd ed.: Theory and contemporary issues. Boston, MA: Wadsworth